CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

(KALIMAT PENGANDAIAN)

Conditional sentence is a kind of sentences containing a condition about something in order a situation or action happens or does not happen. Implicitly, a conditional sentence is to convey a hope, willingness of something to happen or not.

· Conditional Sentences contains two clauses :

- a dependent clause beginning with if (or another conjuction performing the same general function)

- a main clause. The main clause answers the condition of the if clause

· Types of Conditional Sentences

Based on the types, conditional sentence is divided into three :

1. Future Conditional (Type 1)

2. Present Conditional (Type 2)

3. Past Conditional (Type 3)

1. FUTURE CONDITIONAL (TYPE 1)

Used to state hopes or willingness that may come true in the future. There is possibility to make the hope or willingness real.

Pattern :

Positive :

· Subject + will + be +adj/noun, If + subject + to be + adj/noun

Subject + will + V₁+ object, (main Clause) If + subject + V₁ + objek (if clause)

Example : He will buy the car if he has enough money next year

· If + subject + V₁ (Present Tense) + O Subject + will(FutureTense)+V₁ + O

Example : If he has enough money next year, he will buy the car

Negative :

· Subject + will not+ be +adj/noun, If + subject + to be + not + adj/noun

Subject + will not+ V₁+ object If + subject + do/does not + V_{1 +} objek

Example : We will not pass the examination if we don’t study hard

· Although it is most common to use the modal auxiliaries will in the main clause, it is also possible to use the modals may, can and must or the auxilary be going.

Examples : If I fail the examination, My Parents will not give present

If I fail the examination, My Parents must not give present

2. PRESENT CONDITIONAL (TYPE 2)

Used to express hopes or willingness to come true at the present time. But it has too little chance or no possibility to make the hope or willingness come true.

Pattern :

· If + Simple Past Tense + Past Future

If + Subject + Verb₂ + Object + S + Would(Could, Might)+ V₁+ O

Example : He could come if we invited him

Fact : He doesn’t come because we don’t invite him

3. PAST CONDITIONAL (TYPE 3) :

Used to express past hopes or willingness. This is could not happen any more at the time the speaker or the subject hoped.

Pattern :

· If + Past Perferct + Past Future Perfect

If + Subject + Had V₃ + O + S + Would + Have + V₃+ O

Subject + Had + Been + O + S + Would + Have + Been + O

Exampe : If Pitt had helped me, I could have finished my homework on time.

Fact : Pitt did not help me, so I did not finish my homework on time